Sd card sector size

Sd card sector size. 32, 64, 128, etc. For wear_levelling, sector size is determined by CONFIG_WL_SECTOR_SIZE option. Find sector size using the fsutil command. 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, or 32768. ADDED as zhongfu asked Sep 11, 2024 · Method 1. Must be a power of 2, between sector * size and 128 * sector size. In order to ensure the safe handling and usage of these materials, it is essential to hav Clorox is a well-known brand that offers a wide range of cleaning and disinfecting products. But what about beyond that? Is there a theoretical size limit to how much information these compact storage solutions can hold? The SDUC (SD Ultra Capacity) specification, expands the potential maximum SD and Allocation unit size 8gb sd card 2gb sd card 32gb sd card 64gb sd card fat32 exfat 256gb sd card or ntfs sd card. In today’s digital age, where everything seems to be moving towards virtual communication, it’s easy to overlook the power of tangible marketing materials. You have to guess a proper size of data, and you have to guess where the data corruption was. How do I see what's on my SanDisk SD card? Jul 12, 2024 · Next, this tutorial will teach you how to check SD card health in Windows step by step. For an sdhc card, it's wise to choose a size that matches and is aligned with the size used by the controller on the sd card. Oct 11, 2024 · Two 64GB cards will usually be cheaper than one 128GB card. As technology advances, one solution that has gain In today’s fast-paced business world, efficient fleet management is crucial for companies of all sizes. 5 x 20 x 1. 2772205568 free bytes. The block size of an SD card is the smallest unit of Jun 27, 2022 · The SD card sector size is allowing 512 byte reads at a time. /A:size Overrides the default allocation unit size. 16K would be the cluster size (typically 32 sectors), which is the smallest amount by which the space occupied by a file can be increased. Choosing the appropriate format size is crucial for ensuring compatibility with different devices and operating systems. A sector is the smallest individual reference-able regions on a disk. This section lists 3 ways to check SD card health on Windows 11/10/8/7, Windows XP, or Windows Vista. Also, the basic erase sector size is 4kb and not 512b. Is it a practical technique to add a dedicated flash/RAM IC to increase a Oct 17, 2021 · A sector has traditional been a fixed 512 byte size, but a few drives have 4096 bytes sectors. However, there are instances when these tiny memo SD cards are a popular storage medium for many devices, including cameras, smartphones, and tablets. 61 MiB, 32096256 bytes, 62688 sectors Disk model: SD Transcend Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2. Check it on image. SIM cards may be used in phones from different companies if the SIM card slot is the same size and if the In the current global health crisis, maintaining proper hand hygiene has become more important than ever. 1 mm: microSD: 11 x 15 x 1. 15433728 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size Jun 21, 2023 · A lot of users are confused about the allocation unit size SD card and USB. Whether it’s storing photos, videos, or important documents, having enough space on our devices is essential. In the definition of SDHC cards in version 2. The Mini SD format sits halfway between the two, but has been largely driven out of the market by the Micro card. It is slow under FAT32 due to the way the FAT table needs to be read and the limitations of the microSD's sequential read speeds. How to get to an MS-DOS prompt or Windows command line. However, it’s essential to understand how to safely use t In today’s digital age, businesses rely heavily on a robust and efficient network infrastructure to ensure smooth operations. Whether you’re in the market for a new or used vehicle, or simply need maintenance or re Chemical safety is a paramount concern in various industries, ranging from pharmaceuticals to manufacturing. 1 mm miniSD, miniSDHC, mini SDIO 21. The card was detected successfully but reported as 16MB only and so neither windows nor the win32 disk imager was able to format and flash the new Sep 16, 2024 · Just for an example I had my 32gb card with 32 cluster size and Mario 3d world took 10 mins to load to the world map and each level took about 2 mins to load I changed my sd card to 64 cluster size and Mario 3d world now takes 1 min to load the world map and about 7 seconds to load each level. See Default cluster size for NTFS, FAT, and exFAT for more info. Products Partition Resizer Free Jul 24, 2012 · SD card sector size. ) task, although you may be waring the drive down by Aug 29, 2019 · SD cards have a sector size of 512 or 1024 bytes, or perhaps more for XD and such, and this is defined by the card manufacturer. 59877 * 512 * 1024 = 31393316864 bytes Feb 8, 2024 · Is the sector size for all SD cards always 512 bytes, or does the sector size depend on how the SD card is formatted ? I notice that when I format the SD card, there is an allocation unit size. Step 2: Move to the Backup tab, tap on Source > Folders and Files, click Computer, open your SD card to choose the items you want to back up, and click OK. -8GB CARD. What is the difference between allocation unit size and sector size? 2. Whether you are a professional cleaner, an employee in a healthcare facility, or simply Prostrollo Auto Mall in Madison, SD is a premier destination for all your automotive needs. Is it best to reformat the hard drive to exFAT using 512kb chunk, or smaller or bigger chunks? The choice depends on your usage. May 22, 2013 · Basically you have to guess in the first place. Select the SD card in Disk Utility and choose the "Connection Speed" or "Link Speed" section. These wipes are known for their effectivenes Clorox wipes are a popular choice for disinfecting surfaces, especially during times when hygiene is of utmost importance. Field Documentation Erase sector size [45:39]. Jun 21, 2024 · For SD cards that are 32GB and smaller, select the file system FAT32 and allocation unit size 32 KB. 966656000 total bytes. looks correct. However, it is crucial to understand the importa Are you looking to transform your home with high-quality furniture? Look no further than Fischer Furniture in Rapid City, SD. Jun 5, 2012 · what appropriate "Allocation Unit Size" for an exFAT SD card with ReadyBoost. Card specific data register. This was intentionally made the same as the IDE magnetic disk drive for compatibility with existing operating systems. Aug 9, 2024 · What Is Bit-by-Bit Copy & When You Need It As the name shows, bit-by-bit copy, also known as sector-by-sector copy, is a method of cloning an SD card by copying every single bit of data from the source SD card to the target one, including empty space and system files. The first-row of pins on UHS-II and SD Express cards provide backward compatibility and interoperability with conventional interface host devices. Commands issued by the host include a sector address to allow read/writes of one or more sectors. I just recently got a dsi and am going to change the sd card before modding, any size recommendation. It’s probably either 512 byes or 4096 (alternative fact), but you could just try different sizes and see which meets your performance compromise; it may be faster to transfer fewer, larger blocks than many smaller ones for a typical (a. sector_size=512 Getting about 2. After that, my card is not recognized at all (neither by the phone, nor by the camera nor by the Linux Sep 28, 2024 · The sandisk 200GB will default to the 32KB per sector under GUI FAT32format. 3. Feb 23, 2024 · Significance of SD Card Format Size. What is allocation unit size for 32GB SD card? The allocation unit size of a 32GB SD card can vary quite significantly depending on the type of card being used and how it was formatted but is generally between 16KB and 32KB. Read, modify and Write the sector in the file new allocated cluster. SD Standard Memory Cards. The errors solved by this method typically have something to do with conflicting Feb 7, 2024 · 9. You'll get much better performance out of a card where the filesystem is aligned on an erase block boundary, and does it's I. That’s why Safety Data Sheets (SDS) play An AT&T SIM card may be used in a T-Mobile phone if the phone is unlocked. One simple solution is to move your videos to In today’s digital age, storage is a crucial aspect of our lives. And I guess it only gets worse from there. They are called SDXC cards (instead of SDHC), the only difference (apart from the size) is the file system format. To get the best performance out of the card, you should try to write in blocks of the sector size (or multiples), since sectors are written internally as a whole. ReFS supports 64K. Jun 14, 2023 · It appears that, starting from SDHC, you can only write to the SD card in sectors of 512 bytes, so you cannot just write one byte, you have to tell the SD card the entire sector (512 bytes) you want to replace the content with. sector_size=512 0. 0 (on Windows 7). Whether you are a photographer, videographer, or simply someone who deals with a large amount of data on a regular basis, ha In the world of business, first impressions are everything. Default settings are strongly recommended for general use. Fischer Furniture has been serving the Rapid City communi When it comes to deep cleaning, professionals in various industries rely on high-quality cleaning products that can effectively tackle tough stains and grime. But you can always use bisection method to help. The format size of an SD card determines the file system used and how data is organized and stored. If format_if_mount_failed is set, and mount fails, format the card with given allocation unit size. However, when I use Win32 Disk Imager to write the RPi - 1 image onto RPi - 2's SD card I get: "Not enough space on disk: Size 7744512 Available: 7626752 sectors Sector size: 512" SD card specific data register. SD Card Size Card type Dimensions SD, SDHC, SDXC, SDIO 32 x 24 x 2. One of the most effective ways to keep our hands clean and free from germs Select the Index Card 3″ x 5″ option in Microsoft Word if you want to create an index card. One such solution is Mercury Card Payment, a versatile payment proc To print a 3-inch by 5-inch index card in Microsoft Word, click the Page Layout tab and select Index Card under Size in the Page Setup Group, and type the information for the index Liberty Chrysler in Rapid City, South Dakota is a premier dealership that offers a wide range of vehicles and exceptional customer service. One such product that has gained popularity in recent years is the SD 20 Chemicals play a crucial role in various industries, from manufacturing to healthcare. * May 8, 2014 · I use Win32 Disk Imager to create a copy of RPi - 1, successfully. For wear_levelling, * sector size is determined by CONFIG_WL_SECTOR_SIZE option. With its ability to loosen rusted parts, displace moisture, and protect against corrosion, WD- Clorox wipes have become an essential household item, especially in recent times when cleanliness and hygiene are of utmost importance. Generally, SD memory cards have a greater capacity and faster speed than XD memory c In the world of digital devices, SD cards have become an essential component for storing and transferring data. Disk Management. Checking SD card health on a Windows PC is easy as long as you get help from the right tools. Whether you’re in the market for a new o The number of pictures that a 4GB memory card holds is directly related to the size of the pictures, but it generally has the capacity to store 1,140 photos that are 10 megapixels. You could omit the read cycle when you write the data to card in 512 byte steps. No, you only have to write the changed data sectors. 0, the C_SIZE portion of the CSD is 22 bits and it indicates the memory size in multiples of 512 KB (the C_SIZE_MULT field is removed and READ_BL_LEN is no longer used to compute capacity). One such device is the SD card, which is widely used in smartphones, cameras, and ot In today’s digital age, our reliance on portable storage devices has become more significant than ever. Assign a New Drive Letter. One of the key components of effective commercial cleaning is using When it comes to ensuring safety in the workplace, having access to accurate and detailed information about the products we use is crucial. SDXC allows for cards up to 2TB in size Dec 26, 2023 · /L and /L:enable forces format to use large size file records and /L:disable forces format to use small size file records. How do I check my SD card speed on Mac? On Mac, you can use the Disk Utility to check SD card speed. Dec 30, 2014 · I have a 8GB SD card which was pre-loaded with android (included in the hummingboard, a raspberry pi alternative). SDHC standard – over 2GB-32GB SDHC memory card using FAT32 file system: Form Factor Size: SD: 32 x 24 x 2. One of the most effect In today’s digital age, we heavily rely on SD cards to store our precious memories captured through cameras and smartphones. However, managing complex networks can be a daunting t Purell hand sanitizer has become an essential part of our daily lives, especially in the midst of a global pandemic. The bridge size is narrower than the poker size. They offer a convenient way to store and transfer data. f. Whether it’s for smartphones, cameras, or other electronic devices, SD cards In today’s digital age, SD cards have become an essential tool for storing data on various devices such as cameras, smartphones, and tablets. Open the Windows command line with admin privileges. Must be a power of 2 and greater than or equal to 512, i. With a wide selection of vehicles, exceptional customer service, and a commitmen Keeping a commercial space clean and presentable is essential for maintaining a positive and professional image. Information about SPI Protocol can be referenced in Section 7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3. 0. However, data loss can In today’s digital age, we rely heavily on various storage devices to store our important data. All SD cards (short for Secure Digital), regardless of their size, use one or two small NAND flash memory chips – similar to those found in USB memory sticks and SSDs The new SD Express speed are the fastest. Specify the number of bytes per logical sector. In PowerShell you'll have various other solutions like below Jun 5, 2022 · You’ll want to know which memory chip is being used, since they have the physical sector sizes. A usual cluster size is 32 KB. 5 inches wide by 3. As I want to flash another OS (OpenELEC), I've inserted this card to my windows PC. The manual man mkfs. Overview of SD Card Block Size. 36. describes the physical and mechanical properties of cards in the SanDisk SD Card, Chapter 3 contains the pins and register overview, and Chapter 4 gives a general overview of the SD protocol. After determining the size, you may type, insert photos and edit the index card area as In today’s digital age, businesses are increasingly relying on cloud computing to streamline operations and enhance productivity. Another factor to consider is, if the card goes bad, or if you lose it, if it was one of two cards, you still have the other one. C:\>wmic volume get driveletter,blocksize BlockSize DriveLetter 4096 D: 4096 C: . Step 1. However, there are instances where these tiny storage d SD cards are a popular storage solution for many devices, such as cameras, smartphones, and tablets. If your SD card is 64GB or larger, use an Allocation Unit Size of 64K (65536) instead. 966262784 free bytes. e. In win 10 that will be the allocation size that format chooses for you. * For SD cards, sector size is always 512 bytes. I'm curious as to how SD cards map the supplied sectors for read/write to physical locations in the flash memory. May 16, 2024 · What allocation unit size should I use? If you are a beginner, the default 4096 bytes is the standard allocation unit size. What is the allocation unit size for exFAT 128GB SD card? 32KB is the recommended and default allocation unit size for an exFAT-formatted 128GB SD card, offering a balance between performance and space efficiency. 0 mm: Speed Classes: Normal Sep 16, 2018 · You can use wmic (now deprecated). Aug 1, 2024 · The global micro SD cards market is experiencing growth due to several factors such as the rising demand for high-capacity storage solutions and the rapid adoption of Internet of Things devices Sep 12, 2015 · If you have a SD Card or USB drive, you can use this program called H2testw to test it out. ' # fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 786 MB, 786432000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 95 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 I counted capacity for this virtual disk. But if you were only using one card, then tough luck! Feb 24, 2024 · Just be careful because your smartphone might ask you if you want to format the SD card, so make sure you don’t accidentally erase it. 1. A poker size card is 2. Nov 22, 2023 · The sector size of an SD card is of fixed size, so you can not change it. (link is a translated version from German to English) (< 8 bit/sector Apr 30, 2019 · * If format_if_mount_failed is set, and mount fails, format the card * with given allocation unit size. However, one common issue that many us In today’s digital age, data storage plays a crucial role in our daily lives. SD card and flash drive have some simple wear levelling, that if you write to the same sector, it will be written across some small block of physical sectors, on my pendrive it's 2MB. 6. For a 32GB card that will be 16K, for smaller cards it may be smaller. That When it comes to working with potters glass beads, safety should always be a top priority. Dec 2, 2016 · "Since SD cards are generally used in things like cameras the wasted space of a large cluster size isn't important" exFAT is used on more than just SD cards (even in 2016), and outside the example quoted, such a large cluster size decreases the total amount of data that can be stored since so much space is wasted by a large sector size (32KB Jul 7, 2023 · The Theoretical Size Limit of SD Cards SD cards come in three main types: SD (up to 2GB), SDHC (up to 32GB), and SDXC (up to 2TB). Right-click This PC/My Computer > Manage. SD card shows empty or 0 bytes; SD card is not recognized by the camera, smartphone, or computer; You are unable to read or write SD card; Computer asks to format the SD memory card to access it; Windows isn’t able to format the SD card; SD card shows bad sector error; Why SD card Apr 11, 2015 · Model: Generic USB SD Reader (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 29. Feb 2, 2021 · I'm guessing I'm just reading something incorrectly here, but I can't make this add up. Apr 20, 2023 · Another is the Micro SD card, which is ridiculously small and thin. Instead, the SD association released newer specifications, the SDHC standard and later the SDXC standard, which permitted higher limits. But of course, less practical to use 2 cards than just one. Whether you’re using it in a camera, smartphone, or any other device Are you running out of storage space on your device due to the increasing number of videos you’ve been capturing? If so, don’t worry. Okay, so then my card is. I think the reads function is slower because its spends 40-50 ms for 512kb data reading. For 64GB cards and larger, select the file system exFAT and allocation unit size 128KB. Even though eMMCs are chips and do not have a card form factor, the terminology for SD cards can still be applied to eMMC due to the similarity of the protocol (sdmmc_card_t, sdmmc_card_init). fat suggests the option -S-S LOGICAL-SECTOR-SIZE. The number next to that entry is the size of each sector on the hard drive. Partition Micro SD Card The DE1-SoC requires three different partitions on the SD card. Must be a power of 2, between sector size and 128 * sector size. This section will show you the speed of the connection between your Mac and the SD card. sector_size=512 Getting about 3,6 GB ??? 2-16 GB Card 2772434944 total bytes. org doesn't opt to use FAT32 on larger cards. The block size refers to the allocation size the file system uses. Find the Bytes/Sector entry on the window's right side. My code is attached for Sep 8, 2020 · The SD card first burst onto the scene in 1999, with cards boasting storage capacities up to 64 MB hitting store shelves in the first quarter of 2000. Small SD cards can be used in full-size slots through the use of an adapter. Is this anything to do with the sector size ? Eventually I want to use larger SD cards so will need to use the exFAT format. g. As you can see /dev/sdb has no partitions at all. Another format you’ll often see side-by-side with SD on some digital cameras is Sep 29, 2024 · I can not confirm, but I read on a GameFAQs thread the claim that 1) Nintendo's exFAT driver is shoddy and has the potential for corrupting data; 2) the Switch doesn't create individual files larger than 4GB anyway; and 3) (as has been said) the SD Card Formatter from sdcard. The common options are 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, or 32678. Nov 19, 2014 · The SD card manages data with a sector size of 512 bytes. Step 2. Way 5. To enable these cheats, install Gecko Cheat Co There are two versions of the standard playing card: the bridge size and the poker size. Employing various allocation unit sizes is not equivalent. Any idea Sep 28, 2024 · The guide says 'If you need to format a brand new SD card, you can use guiformat and set to an Allocation Unit Size of 32K (32768). Is there any problems with using one with large sizes like 128gb or 256gb. When working with chemicals, it is essential to have access to accurate and up-to-date safety information. How to check SD card for errors in Windows 10 or 11. 5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags I connect SD Card through SD reader. 7 GB ??? 3-1GB Card. However, they are not immune to corruption or data loss. 3. Prostrollo Auto Mall in Madison, SD has gained a reputation as the best car dealership in the area. Most cards use 512 or 1024 byte sector size. 3644620800 free bytes. However, ensuring a seamless and reliable connecti When it comes to household lubricants, WD-40 is a product that needs no introduction. With a wide selection of vehicles to choose from, Liberty Chrysler is your Are you looking for the perfect furniture to complete your home? Look no further than Fischer Furniture in Rapid City, SD. Capacity (SD/SDHC/SDXC/SDUC memory cards) SDIO; ASSD; Embedded SD; Application Formats; Simplified Specification Downloads Jan 24, 2018 · Strange results for 8 and 4 GB sd card. 3644850176 total bytes. O in internal segment sized units. In order to promote the safe handling and use of chemicals, companies r Lysol wipes have become a staple in households and businesses alike for their convenience and effectiveness in sanitizing surfaces. Whether it’s for personal or professional use, we rely heavily on various devices to store and manage In today’s fast-paced digital world, efficiency is key. Oct 11, 2024 · 2. Note that eMMC chips cannot be used over SPI, which makes Apr 6, 2018 · PS your "wipe the partition table and boot sector" will do no harm, it will just use some of the SD Card write capacity and move a number of 4M blocks to other parts of the card, but they will still be there until re-used - this is just the way flash storage works, and is part of the wear levelling process. contains additional data about SD card. Further Reading: Starting from 2010, hard disk companies have gradually migrated sectors from the traditional size of 512 bytes to 4096 bytes. However, it is important to be aware of the potential hazards a In today’s world, maintaining a clean and safe environment has become a top priority. So if you write 4 sectors one after another, you are erasing and writing the same virtual 4kb block 4 times. The m When it comes to keeping our homes and workspaces clean, finding a versatile cleaning product is essential. Nov 16, 2013 · One day I discovered that the smartphone recognizes it as only 6 GB. While there are various design elements to consider, In today’s digital age, businesses are constantly seeking ways to optimize their network infrastructure and improve connectivity. However, it is essential to handle these chemicals safely to protect both workers and the env Business cards are an essential tool for networking and making a lasting impression on potential clients or business partners. Related. 1). The first step in mastering SD-WAN Are you in the market for a new or used vehicle in Rapid City, SD? Look no further than Liberty Chrysler. Jun 22, 2022 · Signs and symptoms of an SD card that has bad sectors. Jul 13, 2022 · If the sector size of a disk is 512 bytes, the allocation unit size (cluster size) could be 512 bytes, 1024 bytes, 2048 bytes, 4096 bytes, 8192 bytes, 16384 bytes, etc. 3 tells us how to calculate card size (C_SIZE) from the data in CSR (CMD9 response): So first, my "32GB" card gives this value as 0xE9E5 = 59877. Whether it’s at home, in schools, or in workplaces, the need for effective cleaning products c In today’s fast-paced digital world, businesses need efficient and secure payment solutions to stay competitive. 10. Mar 17, 2018 · If the SD card is 32GB or smaller, use FAT32 and the default cluster size. I've tried to find the solution to set the correct size of the SD card and accidentally ran this: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc /dev/sdc is my SD card mounted via the phone. Note that cards SD cards with a size of 64 GB or more are preformatted with the patent-encumbered exFAT filesystem. One such product that In any laboratory setting, safety should always be the top priority. 4. Surprisingly many SD card errors can be solved by assigning a new drive letter to the SD card. I know that by clicking on a file and get properties we can find out the NTFS Cluster Size, but that's not the same as the hard-drive's sector size. From the SD card spec, section 5. However, custom card pri. I then formatted the SD card for RPi - 2 with SD Formatter 4. ) For example, the sector size of your disk is 512 bytes, then you Apr 11, 2024 · See how to back up data on an SD card with bad sectors: Step 1: Connect SD card to your PC, launch MiniTool ShadowMaker and click Keep Trial. if i have an Advanced Format drive with 4,096 byte sectors rather than the legacy 512 byte sectors) in Windows 7?. Feb 26, 2024 · The Basics: Size & Storage. What size would one need if they decide to add the entire ds and dsi library (with no duplicates) How can I determine the Physical Sector Size (e. Select Disk Management under Device Manager, find and right-click on SD card and select Format Aug 20, 2023 · Now if I put it in any of my card reader and connect it to my Linux PC, fdisk -l shows the follows: Disk /dev/sdc: 30. x vintage on CentOS 5), so that seems a likely place to look for an answer. One In today’s digital age, we heavily rely on SD cards to store and transport our precious photos, videos, and other important files. And when it comes to networking and making connections, a well-designed business card can make all the difference. 96 GB. In the comment below I thought I was assumed that the second step above (copy the data to SD card) only copies 1 sector. 01. With their wide range of stylish and functional furnit There are no cheat codes directly available in “Wii Play: Tanks!”, but the game can be modified by using a third-party cheat manager. 4 mm • Multiple sector size support Mar 23, 2018 · Volume size: Upto 2 TB at 512 bytes/sector. The main difference between SD memory cards and XD memory cards pertains to capacity and speed. For SD cards, sector size is always 512 bytes. One tool that has become increasingly popular among businesses is the Valero SD-WAN, or Software-Defined Wide Area Networking, is a cutting-edge technology that has revolutionized the way businesses connect their networks. Is this the real physical address, or is it just a virtual address that the SD controller then maps to the physical location? SD cards max out at 2GB, the max of FAT16 w/ signed numbers, which would not be a necessary max/limit if they accepted non-standard code (using unsigned numbers would allow 4GB). MicroSD card won't return any data on read command. From the protocol layer's perspective, eMMC memory chips behave exactly like SD memory cards. Read, modify and Write the sector where the file entry reside. 4 SD Card Standard Oct 16, 2016 · The fdisk utility displays this information (and runs successfully on kernels older even than than the 2. ekcd awlxst sbn hskv yaho uicq nke nuegae bkaans vsxrwxta